سُورَة الْفَاتِحَة
بِسمِ ٱلله الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيـمِ
مَكِّيَّة سَبْع آيَات بِالْبَسْمَلَةِ إنْ كَانَتْ مِنْهَا وَالسَّابِعَة صِرَاط الَّذِينَ إلَى آخِرهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنْهَا فَالسَّابِعَة غَيْر الْمَغْضُوب إلَى آخِرهَا وَيُقَدَّر فِي أَوَّلهَا قُولُوا لِيَكُونَ مَا قَبْل إيَّاكَ نَعْبُد مُنَاسِبًا لَهُ بِكَوْنِهَا من مقول العباد بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Sura al-Fatiha is Makkan and contains seven ayats. If the bas-mala is counted as an ayat, then the seventh begins with the words “the Path of those You have blessed”; if it is not counted then the seventh begins with the words “not of those with anger on them”. It is said that the command “Say:” is implied at the beginning in order to make the words “You only” appropriate, since that is what is said by Allah’s slaves.
{الْحَمْد لِلَّهِ} جُمْلَة خَبَرِيَّة قُصِدَ بِهَا الثَّنَاء عَلَى اللَّه بِمَضْمُونِهَا عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَعَالَى مَالِك لِجَمِيعِ الْحَمْد مِنْ الْخَلْق أَوْ مُسْتَحِقّ لِأَنْ يَحْمَدُوهُ وَاَللَّه عَلَم عَلَى الْمَعْبُود بِحَقٍّ {رَبّ الْعَالَمِينَ} أَيْ مَالِك جَمِيع الْخَلْق مِنْ الْإِنْس وَالْجِنّ وَالْمَلَائِكَة وَالدَّوَابّ وَغَيْرهمْ وَكُلّ مِنْهَا يُطْلَق عَلَيْهِ عَالَم يُقَال عَالَم الْإِنْس وَعَالَم الْجِنّ إلَى غَيْر ذَلِك وَغَلَبَ فِي جَمْعه بِالْيَاءِ وَالنُّون أُولِي الْعِلْم عَلَى غَيْرهمْ وَهُوَ مِنْ الْعَلَامَة لِأَنَّهُ عَلَامَة عَلَى مُوجِده
Praise be to Allah is an enunciator sentence by which praise of Allah is intended. It implies that Allah alone is the Possessor of all praise from creation, or that He alone merits their praise. The Lord of all the worlds means that He is the King of all creatures, men, jinn, angels, animals and other things. Each of these is called a “world”, so there is the world of men, the world of jinn, and so forth. He governs all of them in the plural, “‘lamin” which indicates all of them. The word is derived from ‘al ma (sign) because each constitutes a sign which indicates the One who brought it into existence
{الرَّحْمَن الرَّحِيم} أَيْ ذِي الرَّحْمَة وَهِيَ إرَادَة الخير لأهله
The All-Merciful, Most Merciful means that He is the One who possesses all mercy, and to have mercy means to desire good for the object of mercy.
{مَالِك يَوْم الدِّين} أَيْ الْجَزَاء وَهُوَ يَوْم الْقِيَامَة وَخُصّ بِالذِّكْرِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا مُلْك ظَاهِرًا فِيهِ لِأَحَدٍ إلَّا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى بِدَلِيلِ لِمَنْ الْمُلْك الْيَوْم لِلَّهِ وَمَنْ قَرَأَ مَالِك فَمَعْنَاهُ مَالِك الْأَمْر كُلّه فِي يَوْم الْقِيَامَة أَوْ هُوَ مَوْصُوف بِذَلِك دَائِمًا كَغَافِرِ الذَّنْب فَصَحَّ وُقُوعه صِفَة لِمَعْرِفَةِ
The King of the Day of Repayment (din), i.e. “requital”. It is a reference to the Day of Rising. This is singled out to be mentioned because it is clear that on that Day no one will have sovereignty except Allah Almighty, as indicated by His words: “To whom does sovereignty belong today? To Allah.” (40:16) Some read it as “malik” with a long “a” which means “the Owner of the entire affair on the Day of Rising,” or the One who always bears that description as in “the Forgiver of wrong action.” (40:3) it is valid for this grammatical form to denote an adjective or a definite noun
إ{إيَّاكَ نَعْبُد وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين} أَيْ نَخُصّك بِالْعِبَادَةِ من توحيد وغيره ونطلب المعونه على العبادة وغيرها
You alone we worship. To You alone we turn for help. This means “We single You out for adoration in respect of tawhid and other things. We seek Your help in respect of worship and other things.”
{اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاط الْمُسْتَقِيم} أَيْ أَرْشِدْنَا إلَيْهِ وَيُبْدَل منه
Guide us on the Straight Path: means “Direct us to it.” It is followed by its appositive:
{صِرَاط الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْت عَلَيْهِمْ} بِالْهِدَايَةِ وَيُبْدَل مِنْ الذين بصلته {غَيْر الْمَغْضُوب عَلَيْهِمْ} وَهُمْ الْيَهُود {وَلَا} وَغَيْر {الضَّالِّينَ} وَهُمْ النَّصَارَى وَنُكْتَة الْبَدَل إفَادَة أَنَّ المهتدين ليسوا يهودا وَلَا نَصَارَى وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم بِالصَّوَابِ وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَرْجِع وَالْمَآب وَصَلَّى اللَّه عَلَى سَيِّدنَا مُحَمَّد وَعَلَى آله وصحبه وسلم تسليما كثيرا دائما أبدا وحسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل ولا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله العلي العظيم
… the Path of those You have blessed with guidance, not of those with anger on them, who are the Jews, nor of the misguided, who are the Christians. The grammatical structure here shows that those who are guided are not the Jews or the Christians. Allah Almighty knows best what is correct, and to Him is the return and the home-coming. May Allah bless our Master Muhammad and His family and Companions and grant them abundant peace always and forever. Allah is enough for us and the best Protector. There is neither strength nor power except by Allah, the High, and the Immense