سورة القمر
بِسمِ ٱلله الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيـمِ
ﻣﻜﻴﺔ إﻻ اﻵﻳﺔ 45ﻓﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ وﺁﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺧﻤﺲ وﺧﻤﺴﻮن
This sura is Makkan except for ayat 45, which is Madinan. It has 55 ayats.
{ اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَة } قَرُبَتْ الْقِيَامَة { وَانْشَقَّ الْقَمَر } انْفَلَقَ فِلْقَتَيْنِ عَلَى أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ وَقَيْقَعَانَ آيَة لَهُ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ سُئِلَهَا فَقَالَ اشْهَدُوا رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخَانِ
1. The Hour of the Rising has drawn near and the moon has split – into two halves over the hill Abu Qubays as a sign for him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He was asked for it and he said, “Bear witness!” Al-Bukhari and Muslim related this.
{ وَإِنْ يَرَوْا } أَيْ كُفَّار قُرَيْش { آيَة } مُعْجِزَة لَهُ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ { يُعْرِضُوا وَيَقُولُوا } هَذَا { سِحْر مُسْتَمِرّ } قَوِيّ مِنْ الْمِرَّة الْقُوَّة أو دائم
2. If they (the unbelievers of Quraysh) see a Sign – a miracle of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace – they turn away, saying ‘There is no end to this witchcraft!’ ‘It is prolonged, strong sorcery.’
{ وَكَذَّبُوا } النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ { وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ } فِي الْبَاطِل { وَكُلّ أَمْر } مِنْ الْخَيْر وَالشَّرّ { مُسْتَقِرّ } بِأَهْلِهِ فِي الْجَنَّة أَوْ النَّار
3. They have denied the truth – here meaning the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and followed their false whims and desires, but everything good and evil has its time – and is fixed and their adherents will be in the Garden and the Fire respectively.
{ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَنْبَاء } أَخْبَار إهْلَاك الْأُمَم الْمُكَذِّبَة رُسُلهمْ { مَا فِيهِ مُزْدَجَر } لَهُمْ اسْم مَصْدَر أَوْ اسْم مَكَان وَالدَّال بَدَل مِنْ تَاء الِافْتِعَال وَازْدَجَرْته وَزَجَرْته نَهَيْته بِغِلْظَةٍ وَمَا مَوْصُولَة أَوْ مَوْصُوفَة
4. News has come to them which contains a threat – information about the destruction of the nations who denied their Messengers. It contains a harsh deterrent,
{ حِكْمَة } خَبَر مُبْتَدَأ مَحْذُوف أَوْ بَدَل مِنْ مَا أَوْ مِنْ مُزْدَجَر { بَالِغَة } تَامَّة { فَمَا تغن } تنفع فيهم { النُّذُر } جَمْع نَذِير بِمَعْنَى مُنْذِر أَيْ الْأُمُور المنذرة لهم وما لِلنَّفْيِ أَوْ لِلِاسْتِفْهَامِ الْإِنْكَارِيّ وَهِيَ عَلَى الثَّانِي مفعول مقدم
5. …consummate – total – wisdom; but warnings are profitless.
{ فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ } هُوَ فَائِدَة مَا قَبْله وَتَمَّ به الكلام { يوم يدع الداع } هُوَ إسْرَافِيل وَنَاصِب يَوْم يَخْرُجُونَ بَعْد { إلَى شَيْء نُكُر } بِضَمِّ الْكَاف وَسُكُونهَا أَيْ مُنْكَر تنكره النفوس وهو الحساب
6. So turn away from them. On the Day the Summoner (Israfil) summons them to something unspeakably terrible (read as nukur or nukr), something which souls find atrocious and horrible. That is the Reckoning –
{ خاشعا } أَيْ ذَلِيلًا وَفِي قِرَاءَة خُشَّعًا بِضَمِّ الْخَاء وَفَتْح الشِّين مُشَدَّدَة { أَبْصَارهمْ } حَال مِنْ الْفَاعِل { يَخْرُجُونَ } أَيْ النَّاس { مِنَ الْأَجْدَاث } الْقُبُور { كَأَنَّهُمْ جَرَاد مُنْتَشِر } لَا يَدْرُونَ أَيْنَ يَذْهَبُونَ مِنْ الْخَوْف وَالْحِيرَة وَالْجُمْلَة حَال مِنْ فَاعِل يَخْرُجُونَ وكذا قوله
7. …they will emerge from their graves with downcast (read as khushsha‘an and khasi‘an) eyes – humble – like swarming locusts – not knowing where to go out of fear and confusion –
{ مُهْطِعِينَ } مُسْرِعِينَ مَادِّينِ أَعْنَاقهمْ { إلَى الدَّاعِ يَقُول الْكَافِرُونَ } مِنْهُمْ { هَذَا يَوْم عَسِر } صَعْب عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ كَمَا فِي الْمُدَّثِّر { يَوْم عَسِير عَلَى الكافرين }
8. … necks outstretched, eyes transfixed, rushing headlong to the Summoner. The unbelievers will say, ‘This is a pitiless day – for the unbelievers!’ – as in Sürat al-Muddaththir: “That Day will be a difficult day, not easy for the unbelievers.” (74:9-10)
{ كذبت قبلهم } قبل قريش { قوم نوح } تأنيث الفعل لِمَعْنَى قَوْم { فَكَذَّبُوا عَبْدنَا } نُوحًا { وَقَالُوا مَجْنُون وَازْدُجِرَ } انْتَهَرُوهُ بِالسَّبِّ وَغَيْره
9. Before them (Quraysh) the people of Nü˛ denied the truth. They denied Our slave – Nuh– saying, ‘He is a madman,’ and he was driven away with jeers – insults and other things.
{ فدعا ربه أني } بالفتح أي بأني { مغلوب فانتصر }
10. He called upon his Lord: ‘I am overwhelmed, so help me!’
{ فَفَتَحْنَا } بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَالتَّشْدِيد { أَبْوَاب السَّمَاء بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِر } مُنْصَبّ انْصِبَابًا شَدِيدًا
11. So We opened (read as fatahna and fattahna) the gates of heaven with torrential water,
{ وَفَجَّرْنَا الْأَرْض عُيُونًا } تَنْبُع { فَالْتَقَى الْمَاء } مَاء السَّمَاء وَالْأَرْض { عَلَى أَمْر } حَال { قَدْ قُدِرَ } قُضِيَ بِهِ فِي الْأَزَل وَهُوَ هَلَاكهمْ غَرَقًا
12. …and made the earth burst forth with gushing springs. And the waters of heaven and earth met together in a way which was decreed before time. That was the decree that Nuh’s people would be destroyed by drowning.
{ وَحَمَلْنَاهُ } أَيْ نُوحًا { عَلَى } سَفِينَة { ذَات أَلْوَاح وَدُسُر } وَهُوَ مَا تُشَدّ بِهِ الْأَلْوَاح مِنْ الْمَسَامِير وَغَيْرهَا وَأَحَدهَا دِسَار كَكِتَابٍ
13. We bore him (Nuh) on a planked and well-caulked – the word used here, dusur, is palm-fibre cord or other things used to bind ships’ planks together – ship, the Ark,
{ تَجْرِي بِأَعْيُنِنَا } بِمَرْأَى مِنَّا أَيْ مَحْفُوظَة { جَزَاء } مَنْصُوب بِفِعْلٍ مُقَدَّر أَيْ أُغْرِقُوا انْتِصَارًا { لِمَنْ كَانَ كُفِرَ } وَهُوَ نُوح عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام وَقُرِئَ كَفَرَ بِالْبِنَاءِ لِلْفَاعِلِ أَيْ أُغْرِقُوا عِقَابًا لَهُمْ
14. …which ran before Our eyes – with Our knowledge, meaning it was preserved and protected – a reward for him who had been rejected – help for Nuh by drowning them. That was their punishment.
{ وَلَقَدْ تَرَكْنَاهَا } أَبْقَيْنَا هَذِهِ الْفِعْلَة { آيَة } لِمَنْ يَعْتَبِر بِهَا أَيْ شَاعَ خَبَرهَا وَاسْتَمَرَّ { فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِر } مُعْتَبِر وَمُتَّعِظ بِهَا وَأَصْله مُذْتَكِرٌ أبدلت التاء دالا مهملة وأدغمت فيها
15. We left it (this action) as a Sign for anyone who reflects, because knowledge of it is widespread and will continue to spread. But is there any rememberer there? Is there anyone who will reflect and be warned by it?
{ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُر } أَيْ إنْذَارِي اسْتِفْهَام تَقْرِير وَكَيْفَ خَبَر كَانَ وَهِيَ لِلسُّؤَالِ عَنْ الْحَال وَالْمَعْنَى حَمْل الْمُخَاطَبِينَ عَلَى الْإِقْرَار بِوُقُوعِ عَذَابه تَعَالَى بِالْمُكَذِّبِينَ لِنُوحٍ مَوْقِعه
16. How terrible were My punishment and warnings! This is confirmation in the form of a rhetorical question, intended to make those addressed affirm the fact that Allah’s punishment descended on those who denied Nuh.
{ وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْآن لِلذِّكْرِ } سَهَّلْنَاهُ لِلْحِفْظِ وَهَيَّأْنَاهُ لِلتَّذَكُّرِ { فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِر } مُتَّعِظ بِهِ وَحَافِظ لَهُ وَالِاسْتِفْهَام بِمَعْنَى الْأَمْر أَيْ احْفَظُوهُ وَاتَّعِظُوا بِهِ وَلَيْسَ يُحْفَظ مِنْ كُتُب اللَّه عَنْ ظَهْر الْقَلْب غَيْره
17. We have made the Qur’an easy to remember. We made it easy to memorise and an immediate reminder to people. But is there any rememberer there? Is there any who is admonished by it and memorises it? The question here is an instruction with the object of encouraging people to memorise it and be admonished by it. No other Book is memorised by heart in the same way.
{ كَذَّبَتْ عَاد } نَبِيّهمْ هُودًا فَعُذِّبُوا { فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُر } إنْذَارِي لَهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ قَبْل نُزُوله أي وقع موقعه وقد بينه بقوله
18. ‘Ad denied the truth. Their Prophet was Hud and they were punished. How terrible were My punishment and warnings! – My warning to them before the punishment descended on them. Then Allah explains what that punishment was.
{ إنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا } أَيْ شَدِيدَة الصَّوْت { فِي يَوْم نَحْس } شُؤْم { مُسْتَمِرّ } دَائِم الشُّؤْم أَوْ قَوِيّه وَكَانَ يَوْم الْأَرْبِعَاء آخِر الشهر
19. We unleashed a howling wind against them on a day of unremitting horror. That was on the last Wednesday of the month.
{ تَنْزِع النَّاس } تَقْلَعُهُمْ مِنْ حُفَر الْأَرْض الْمُنْدَسِّينَ فيها وتصرعهم على رؤوسهم فَتَدُقّ رِقَابهمْ فَتُبَيِّن الرَّأْس عَنْ الْجَسَد { كَأَنَّهُمْ } وَحَالهمْ مَا ذُكِرَ { أَعْجَاز } أُصُول { نَخْل مُنْقَعِر } مُنْقَطِع سَاقِط عَلَى الْأَرْض وَشُبِّهُوا بِالنَّخْلِ لِطُولِهِمْ وَذُكِّرَ هُنَا وَأُنِّثَ فِي الْحَاقَّة { نَخْل خَاوِيَة } مراعاة للفواصل في الموضعين
20. It plucked up men like uprooted stumps. It sucked people up from pits in the earth in which they had taken refuge. It threw them on their heads and tore their necks so that their heads were ripped off their bodies. They looked like the stumps of palm trees cut down and fallen on the earth. They are likened to palm trees because of their height.
{ فكيف كان عذابي ونذر }
21. How terrible were My punishment and warnings!
{ ولقد يسرنا القرآن للذكر فهل من مدكر }
22. We have made the Qur’an easy to remember. But is there any rememberer there?
{ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُود بِالنُّذُرِ } جَمْع نَذِير بِمَعْنَى مُنْذِر أَيْ بِالْأُمُورِ الَّتِي أَنْذَرَهُمْ بِهَا نَبِيّهمْ صَالِح إنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهِ وَيَتَّبِعُوهُ
23. Thamud denied the warnings. These were the warnings brought by their Prophet Salih who warned them what would happen if they did not believe him and follow him.
{ فَقَالُوا أَبَشَرًا } مَنْصُوب عَلَى الِاشْتِغَال { مِنَّا وَاحِدًا } صِفَتَانِ لبَشَرًا { نَتَّبِعهُ } مُفَسِّر لِلْفِعْلِ النَّاصِب لَهُ وَالِاسْتِفْهَام بِمَعْنَى النَّفْي الْمَعْنِيّ كَيْفَ نَتَّبِعهُ وَنَحْنُ جَمَاعَة كَثِيرَة وَهُوَ وَاحِد مِنَّا وَلَيْسَ بِمَلَكٍ أَيْ لَا نَتَّبِعهُ { إنَّا إذًا } إِنِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ { لَفِي ضَلَال } ذَهَاب عَنْ الصَّوَاب { وَسُعُر } جُنُون
24. They said, ‘Are we to follow a human being, one of us? “How can we follow a human being when we are a large group and he is only one of us and is not an angel?”, meaning that they would not follow him. Then we would truly be misguided from what is correct, and quite insane!
{ أَأُلْقِيَ } بِتَحْقِيقِ الْهَمْزَتَيْنِ وَتَسْهِيل الثَّانِيَة وَإِدْخَال أَلِف بَيْنهمَا عَلَى الْوَجْهَيْنِ وَتَرْكه { الذِّكْر } الْوَحْي { عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْننَا } أَيْ لَمْ يُوحَ إلَيْهِ { بَلْ هُوَ كَذَّاب } فِي قَوْله إنَّهُ أُوحِيَ إلَيْهِ ما ذكر { أشر } متكبر بطر قال تعالى
25. Has the Reminder (the Revelation) been given to him, of all ofus? They are saying that he has not been given Revelation. No indeed! He is an impudent liar in what he says about being given Revelation. He is arrogant and proud.’
{ سَيَعْلَمُونَ غَدًا } فِي الْآخِرَة { مَنِ الْكَذَّاب الْأَشِر } وَهُوَ هَمّ بِأَنْ يُعَذَّبُوا عَلَى تَكْذِيبهمْ نَبِيّهمْ صالحا
26. Allah answers them: ‘They will know tomorrow – in the Next World – who the impudent liar is. They will be punished for denying their Prophet Salih.
{ إنَّا مُرْسِلُو النَّاقَة } مُخْرِجُوهَا مِنْ الْهَضْبَة الصَّخْرَة كَمَا سَأَلُوا { فِتْنَة } مِحْنَة { لَهُمْ } لِنَخْتَبِرهُمْ { فَارْتَقِبْهُمْ } يَا صَالِح أَيْ انْتَظِرْ مَا هُمْ صَانِعُونَ وَمَا يُصْنَع بِهِمْ { وَاصْطَبِرْ } الطَّاء بَدَل مِنْ تَاء الِافْتِعَال أَيْ اصْبِرْ عَلَى أَذَاهُمْ
27. We will send the she-camel as a trial for them. It was brought out from a mountain of stone, as they had requested, as a test. Just keep a watchful eye on them, Salih, and be steadfast – meaning wait and see what they do and what will be done to them. “Be patient in the face of their persecution.”
{ وَنَبِّئْهُمْ أَنَّ الْمَاء قِسْمَة } مَقْسُوم { بَيْنهمْ } وَبَيْن النَّاقَة يَوْم لَهُمْ وَيَوْم لَهَا { كُلّ شِرْب } نَصِيب مِنْ الْمَاء { مُحْتَضَر } يَحْضُرهُ الْقَوْم يَوْمهمْ وَالنَّاقَة يَوْمهَا فَتَمَادَوْا عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ مَلَّوْهُ فَهَمُّوا بِقَتْلِ النَّاقَة
28. Inform them that the water is to be shared out between them and the she-camel, each drinking by turn.’ They would have it one day and the she-camel the next day, each having a share of the water. They continued for some time like this but then they became dissatisfied with it and decided to kill the camel.
{ فَنَادَوْا صَاحِبهمْ } قِدَارًا لِيَقْتُلهَا { فَتَعَاطَى } تَنَاوَلَ السَّيْف { فَعَقَرَ } بِهِ النَّاقَة أَيْ قَتَلَهَا مُوَافَقَة لَهُمْ
29. They called on their companion, Quddar, to kill the camel and he took his sword and he set to it and hamstrung her and killed her as they had told him to.
{ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُر } إنْذَارِي لَهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ قبل نزوله أي وقع موقعه وبينه بقوله
30. How terrible were My punishment and warnings to them about the punishment before it occurred!
{ إنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ صَيْحَة وَاحِدَة فَكَانُوا كَهَشِيمِ الْمُحْتَظِر } هُوَ الَّذِي يَجْعَل لِغَنَمِهِ حَظِيرَة مِنْ يَابِس الشَّجَر وَالشَّوْك يَحْفَظهُنَّ فِيهَا مِنْ الذِّئَاب وَالسِّبَاع وَمَا سَقَطَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَدَاسَتْهُ هُوَ الهشيم
31. We sent a single Blast against them and they were just like a fencer’s reeds. A fencer is someone who makes an enclosure for his flock from dried branches and thorns to protect them from wolves and wild animals.
{ ولقد يسرنا القرآن للذكر فهل من مدكر }
32. We have made the Qur’an easy to remember. But is there any rememberer there?
{ كَذَّبَتْ قَوْم لُوط بِالنُّذُرِ } بِالْأُمُورِ الْمُنْذِرَة لَهُمْ على لسانه
33. The people of Lut denied the warnings that he gave them.
{ إنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَاصِبًا } رِيحًا تَرْمِيهِمْ بِالْحَصْبَاءِ وَهِيَ صِغَار الْحِجَارَة الْوَاحِد دُون مِلْء الْكَفّ فَهَلَكُوا { إلَّا آل لُوط } وَهُمْ ابْنَتَاهُ مَعَهُ { نَجَّيْنَاهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ } مِنْ الْأَسْحَار وَقْت الصُّبْح مِنْ يَوْم غَيْر مُعَيَّن وَلَوْ أُرِيدَ مِنْ يَوْم مُعَيَّن لَمُنِعَ مِنَ الصَّرْف لِأَنَّهُ مَعْرِفَة مَعْدُول عَنْ السَّحَر لِأَنَّ حَقّه أَنْ يُسْتَعْمَل فِي الْمَعْرِفَة بِأَلْ وَهَلْ أُرْسِلَ الْحَاصِب عَلَى آل لُوط أَوْ لَا قَوْلَانِ وَعَبَّرَ عَنْ الِاسْتِثْنَاء عَلَى الْأَوَّل بِأَنَّهُ مُتَّصِل وَعَلَى الثَّانِي بِأَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِع وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ الْجِنْس تَسَمُّحًا
34. We unleashed a sudden squall of stones – these were pebbles, small stones less in size than a fist – against all of them and they were destroyed except the family of Lut and his sons, whom We rescued before dawn. The day is unspecified.
{ نِعْمَة } مَصْدَر أَيْ إنْعَامًا { مِنْ عِنْدنَا كَذَلِكَ } أَيْ مِثْل ذَلِكَ الْجَزَاء { نَجْزِي مَنْ شَكَرَ } أَنْعَمْنَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِن أَوْ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاَللَّهِ ورسوله وأطاعهما
35. It was a blessing direct from Our presence. That is how We recompense those who give thanks – a reference to the believers, or those who believe in Allah and His Messenger and obey them.
{ وَلَقَدْ أَنْذَرَهُمْ } خَوَّفَهُمْ لُوط { بَطْشَتنَا } أَخْذَتنَا إيَّاهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ { فَتَمَارَوْا } تَجَادَلُوا وَكَذَّبُوا { بِالنُّذُرِ } بِإِنْذَارِهِ
36. He (Lut) warned them of Our onslaught – to make them fear the punishment, but they argued – but they dismissed the warnings.
{ وَلَقَدْ رَاوَدُوهُ عَنْ ضَيْفه } أَنْ يُخَلِّي بَيْنهمْ وَبَيْن الْقَوْم الَّذِينَ أَتَوْهُ فِي صُورَة الْأَضْيَاف لِيَخْبُثُوا بِهِمْ وَكَانُوا مَلَائِكَة { فَطَمَسْنَا أَعْيُنهمْ } أَعْمَيْنَاهَا وَجَعَلْنَاهَا بِلَا شَقّ كَبَاقِي الْوَجْه بِأَنْ صَفَقَهَا جِبْرِيل بِجَنَاحِهِ { فَذُوقُوا } فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ ذُوقُوا { عَذَابِي وَنُذُر } إنْذَارِي وَتَخْوِيفِي أَيْ ثَمَرَته وَفَائِدَته
37. They even wanted to seduce his guests! They wanted him to let them have the people who came to him in the form of guests so that they could copulate with them. The guests were angels. So We put out their eyes – Allah blinded them and made the place where their eyes had been skin like the rest of their faces when Jibrıl slapped them with his wing. We said to them: ‘Taste (experience) My punishment and warnings!’
{ وَلَقَدْ صَبَّحَهُمْ بُكْرَة } وَقْت الصُّبْح مِنْ يَوْم غَيْر مُعَيَّن { عَذَاب مُسْتَقِرّ } دَائِم مُتَّصِل بِعَذَابِ الآخرة
38. Early morning brought them enduring punishment, which is connected to punishment in the Next World.
{ فذوقوا عذابي ونذر }
39. ‘Taste My punishment and warnings!’
{ ولقد يسرنا القرآن للذكر فهل من مدكر }
40. We have made the Qur’an easy to remember. But is there any rememberer there?
{ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَ آل فِرْعَوْن } قَوْمه مَعَهُ { النُّذُر } الْإِنْذَار عَلَى لِسَان مُوسَى وَهَارُون فَلَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بل
41. Warnings came to Pharaoh’s people on the tongue of Musa and Harun, but they did not believe.
{ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا كُلّهَا } التِّسْع الَّتِي أُوتِيَهَا مُوسَى { فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ } بِالْعَذَابِ { أَخْذ عَزِيز } قَوِيّ { مُقْتَدِر } قَادِر لَا يُعْجِزهُ شَيْء
42. They dismissed every one of Our nine Signs that Musa was given, and so We seized them with the punishment – with the seizing of One who is Almighty, All-Powerful, against whom none can stand.
{ أَكُفَّاركُمْ } يَا قُرَيْش { خَيْر مِنْ أُوْلَئِكُمْ } الْمَذْكُورِينَ مِنْ قَوْم نُوح إلَى فِرْعَوْن فَلَمْ يُعْذَرُوا { أَمْ لَكُمْ } يَا كُفَّار قُرَيْش { بَرَاءَة } مِنْ الْعَذَاب { فِي الزُّبُر } الْكُتُب وَالِاسْتِفْهَام فِي الْمَوْضِعَيْنِ بِمَعْنَى النَّفْي أَيْ لَيْسَ الْأَمْر كَذَلِكَ
43. Are your unbelievers, Quraysh, better than those peoples mentioned, from the people of Nuh to those of Pharaoh? They were not excused. Or have you, unbelievers of Quraysh, been given exemption from the punishment in the Books? Both questions demand a negative response: that is not the case.
{ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ } أَيْ كُفَّار قُرَيْش { نَحْنُ جَمِيع } جمع { منتصر } على محمد وَلَمَّا قَالَ أَبُو جَهْل يَوْم بَدْر إنَّا جمع منتصر نزل
44. Or do they (the unbelievers of Quraysh) say, ‘We are an assembly who will win against Muhammad’? When Abu Jahl said on the Day of Badr, “We are an assembly who will win,” the following ayat was revealed:
{ سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر } فَهُزِمُوا بِبَدْرٍ وَنُصِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ
45. The assembly will be routed and will turn their backs in flight. They were defeated at Badr and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was victorious against them.
{ بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ } بِالْعَذَابِ { وَالسَّاعَة } أَيْ عَذَابهَا { أَدْهَى } أَعْظَم بَلِيَّة { وَأَمَرّ } أَشَدّ مَرَارَة مِنْ عذاب الدنيا
46. In fact the Hour is their promised appointment for their punishment, and the Hour is more disastrous and bitter than their punishment in this world.
{ إنَّ الْمُجْرِمِينَ فِي ضَلَال } هَلَاك بِالْقَتْلِ فِي الدُّنْيَا { وَسُعُر } نَار مُسَعَّرَة بِالتَّشْدِيدِ أَيْ مُهَيَّجَة في الآخرة
47. The evildoers are indeed misguided and insane – destroyed by killing in this world and punished by an intense Fire in the Next World –
{ يَوْم يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النَّار عَلَى وُجُوههمْ } فِي الْآخِرَة وَيُقَال لَهُمْ { ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَر } إصَابَة جهنم لكم
48. …on the Day that they are dragged face-first into the Fire in the Next World, they will be told: ‘Taste the scorching touch of Saqar!’ This is what they will be told when the heat of Jahannam hits them.
{ إنَّا كُلّ شَيْء } مَنْصُوب بِفِعْلٍ يُفَسِّرهُ { خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ } بِتَقْدِيرِ حَال مِنْ كُلّ أَيْ مُقَدَّرًا وقرئ كل بالرفع مبتدأ خبره خلقناه
49. We have created all things in due measure – in a predetermined amount.
{ وَمَا أَمْرنَا } لِشَيْءٍ نُرِيد وُجُوده { إلَّا } مَرَّة { وَاحِدَة كَلَمْحٍ بِالْبَصَرِ } فِي السُّرْعَة وَهِيَ قَوْل كُنْ فَيُوجَد إنَّمَا أَمْره إذَا أَرَادَ شَيْئًا أَنْ يَقُول لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُون
50. Our command, when We desire something to come into existence, is only one word like the blinking of an eye in quickness. It is His word “Be!”, upon which it comes into existence. “His command when He desires a thing is simply to say to it, ’Be!’ and it is.” (36:81)
{ وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا أَشْيَاعكُمْ } أَشْبَاهكُمْ فِي الْكُفْر مِنْ الْأُمَم الْمَاضِيَة { فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِر } اسْتِفْهَام بِمَعْنَى الْأَمْر أَيْ اُذْكُرُوا وَاتَّعِظُوا
51. We destroyed those of your kind – like you in respect of unbelief – in the past nations. But is there any rememberer there? This is a command, meaning, “Remember and be warned!”
{ وَكُلّ شَيْء فَعَلُوهُ } أَيْ الْعِبَاد مَكْتُوب { فِي الزُّبُر } كُتُب الْحَفَظَة
52. Everything they did is in the Books. Everything Allah’s slaves have done is in the books recorded by their guardian angels.
{ وَكُلّ صَغِير وَكَبِير } مِنْ الذَّنْب أَوْ الْعَمَل { مُسْتَطَر } مَكْتُوب فِي اللَّوْح الْمَحْفُوظ
53. Everything – wrong or right actions – is recorded in the Preserved Tablet, great or small.
{ إنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّات } بَسَاتِين { وَنَهَر } أُرِيدَ بِهِ الْجِنْس وَقُرِئَ بِضَمِّ النُّون وَالْهَاء جَمْعًا كَأَسَدِ وَأُسْد وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُمْ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ أَنَهَارهَا الْمَاء وَاللَّبَن وَالْعَسَل وَالْخَمْر
54. The people who are godfearing will be amid Gardens and Rivers – although the singular of river here is used it is generic and means “rivers”. They will drink from its rivers of water, milk, honey and wine.
{ فِي مَقْعَد صِدْق } مَجْلِس حَقّ لَا لَغْو فِيهِ وَلَا تَأْثِيم أُرِيدَ بِهِ الْجِنْس وَقُرِئَ مَقَاعِد الْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُمْ فِي مَجَالِس مِنْ الْجَنَّات سَالِمَة مِنْ اللَّغْو وَالتَّأْثِيم بِخِلَافِ مَجَالِس الدُّنْيَا فَقَلَّ أَنْ تَسْلَم مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَأُعْرِبَ هَذَا خَبَرًا ثَانِيًا وَبَدَلًا وَهُوَ صَادِق بِبَدَلِ الْبَعْض وَغَيْره { عِنْد مَلِيك } مِثَال مُبَالَغَة أَيْ عَزِيز الْمُلْك وَاسِعه { مُقْتَدِر } قَادِر لَا يُعْجِزهُ شَيْء وهو الله تعالى وعند إشَارَة إلَى الرُّتْبَة وَالْقُرْبَة مِنْ فَضْله تَعَالَى
55. …on seats (read as maq‘ad and maqa‘id) of honour: seats of truth with no prattle or wrongdoing in them. They will be in gatherings in the Gardens, free of prattle and wrongdoing which is not the case with gatherings of this world which are rarely free from that – in the presence of an All-Powerful King, One with a mighty kingdom who is Vast for whom there is nothing which is beyond His power. That is Allah. This indicates that high rank and nearness are part of His bounty.