سورة الصف
بِسمِ ٱلله الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيـمِ
ﻣﻜﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ وﺁﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ 14
This sura is Makkan and has 14 ayats.
{ سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْض } أَيْ نَزَّهَهُ فَاللَّام مَزِيدَة وَجِيءَ بِمَا دُون مِنْ تَغْلِيبًا لِلْأَكْثَرِ { وَهُوَ الْعَزِيز } فِي مُلْكه { الْحَكِيم } فِي صُنْعه
1. Everything in the heavens and everything in the earth glorifies Allah: proclaims His purity and transcendence of created things. He is the Almighty in His kingdom, the All-Wise in what He does.
{ يَا أَيّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ } فِي طَلَب الْجِهَاد { مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ } إذْ انْهَزَمْتُمْ بأحد
2. You who believe, why do you say what you do not do when you are asked to perform jihad? This was after the Muslims’ defeat in the Battle of Uhud.
{ كَبُرَ } عَظُمَ { مَقْتًا } تَمْيِيز { عِنْد اللَّه أَنْ تقولوا } فاعل كبر { ما لا تفعلون }
3. It is deeply abhorrent to Allah that you should say what you do not do.
{ إنَّ اللَّه يُحِبّ } يَنْصُر وَيُكْرِم { الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيله صَفًّا } حَال أَيْ صَافِّينَ { كَأَنَّهُمْ بُنْيَان مَرْصُوص } مُلْزَق بَعْضه إلَى بَعْض ثَابِت
4. Allah love s helps and honours those who fight in His Way in ranks close to one another like well-built walls – making them solid and firm.
{ وَ } اُذْكُرْ { إذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْم لِمَ تُؤْذُونَنِي } قَالُوا إنَّهُ آدَر أَيْ مُنْتَفِخ الْخُصْيَة وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَكَذَّبُوهُ { وَقَدْ } لِلتَّحْقِيقِ { تَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُول اللَّه إلَيْكُمْ } الْجُمْلَة حَال وَالرَّسُول يُحْتَرَم { فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا } عَدَلُوا عَنْ الْحَقّ بِإِيذَائِهِ { أَزَاغَ اللَّه قُلُوبهمْ } أَمَالَهَا عَنْ الْهُدَى عَلَى وَفْق مَا قَدَّرَهُ فِي الْأَزَل { وَاَللَّه لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْم الْفَاسِقِينَ } الْكَافِرِينَ فِي عِلْمه
5. Remember when Musa said to his people, ‘My people, why do you mistreat me when you know that I am the Messenger of Allah to you?’ They said that his testicles were swollen, which was not true, and they disbelieved him. He reminded them that any Messenger of Allah is entitled to respect. So when they deviated from the truth by abusing him Allah made their hearts deviate away from guidance, as had been decreed from before time. Allah does not guide people who are deviators – those whom Allah knew to be unbelievers.
{ و } اذكر { إذ قال عيسى بن مَرْيَم يَا بَنِي إسْرَائِيل } لَمْ يَقُلْ يَا قَوْم لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِيهِمْ قَرَابَة { إنِّي رَسُول اللَّه إلَيْكُمْ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْن يَدَيَّ } قَبْلِي { مِنْ التَّوْرَاة وَمُبَشِّرًا بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي اسْمه أَحْمَد } قَالَ تَعَالَى { فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ } جَاءَ أَحْمَد الْكُفَّار { بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ } الْآيَات وَالْعَلَامَات { قَالُوا هَذَا } أَيْ الْمَجِيء بِهِ { سِحْر } وَفِي قِرَاءَة سَاحِر أَيْ الْجَائِي بِهِ { مُبِين } بَيِّن
6. And remember when Isa son of Maryam said, ‘Tribe of Israel I am the Messenger of Allah to you, confirming the Torah which came before me and giving you the good news of a Messenger after me whose name shall be Ahmad.’ Allah says: When he (Ahmad) brought them (the unbelievers) the Clear Signs, they said, ‘This – which you have brought – is downright magic (read as sihr and also sahir,“ magician”).’
{ وَمَنْ } أَيْ لَا أَحَد { أَظْلَم } أَشَدّ ظُلْمًا { مِمَّنْ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّه الْكَذِب } بِنِسْبَةِ الشَّرِيك وَالْوَلَد إلَيْهِ وَوَصْف آيَاته بِالسِّحْرِ { وَهُوَ يُدْعَى إلَى الْإِسْلَام وَاَللَّه لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْم الظَّالِمِينَ } الكافرين
7. Who could do greater wrong than someone who invents a lie against Allah – ascribes a partner or a child to Allah and describes His Signs as magic – when he has been called to Islam? No one could. Allah does not guide wrongdoing people (unbelievers).
{ يُرِيدُونَ لِيُطْفِئُوا } مَنْصُوب بِأَنْ مُقَدَّرَة وَاللَّام مَزِيدَة { نُور اللَّه } شَرْعه وَبَرَاهِينه { بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ } بِأَقْوَالِهِمْ إنَّهُ سِحْر وَشِعْر وَكِهَانَة { وَاَللَّه مُتِمّ } مُظْهِر { نُوره } وَفِي قِرَاءَة بِالْإِضَافَةِ { وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ } ذَلِكَ
8. They desire to extinguish Allah’s Light – the Law and proofs of Allah – with their mouths – by saying it is magic, poetry and soothsaying – but Allah will perfect His Light (read as mutimmu nurihi and mutimmun nurahu) and make it manifest though the unbelievers hate it.
{ هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُوله بِالْهُدَى وَدِين الْحَقّ لِيُظْهِرهُ } يُعْلِيه { عَلَى الدِّين كُلّه } جَمِيع الْأَدْيَان الْمُخَالِفَة لَهُ { وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ } ذَلِكَ
9. It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the Din of Truth to exalt it over every other dın – opposed to it, though the idolators hate it.
{ يَا أَيّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا هَلْ أَدُلّكُمْ عَلَى تِجَارَة تُنْجِيكُمْ } بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَالتَّشْدِيد { مِنْ عَذَاب أَلِيم } مؤلم فكأنهم قالوا نعم فقال
10. You who believe, shall I direct you to a transaction which will save (read as tunjikum and tunajjikum) you from a painful punishment?
{ تُؤْمِنُونَ } تَدُومُونَ عَلَى الْإِيمَان { بِاَللَّهِ وَرَسُوله وَتُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيل اللَّه بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْر لَكُمْ إنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ } أَنَّهُ خَيْر لَكُمْ فافعلوه
11. It is to continue to believe in Allah and His Messenger and to do jihad in the Way of Allah with your wealth and yourselves. That is better for you if you only knew, and so you should do it.
{ يَغْفِر } جَوَاب شَرْط مُقَدَّر أَيْ إنْ تَفْعَلُوهُ يَغْفِر { لَكُمْ ذُنُوبكُمْ وَيُدْخِلكُمْ جَنَّات تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتهَا الْأَنْهَار وَمَسَاكِن طَيِّبَة فِي جَنَّات عَدْن } إقامة { ذلك الفوز العظيم }
12. If you do so, He will forgive you your wrong actions and admit you into Gardens with rivers flowing under them, and fine dwellings in the Gardens of Eden. That is the Great Victory.
{ و } يؤتكم نِعْمَة { أُخْرَى تُحِبُّونَهَا نَصْر مِنْ اللَّه وَفَتْح قَرِيب وَبَشِّرْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ } بِالنَّصْرِ وَالْفَتْح
13. And He will give you other blessings in other things you love: support from Allah and imminent victory. Give good news to the believers – of victory and conquest.
{ يا أيها الذين آمنوا كونوا أنصارالله } لِدِينِهِ وَفِي قِرَاءَة بِالْإِضَافَةِ { كَمَا قَالَ } إلَخْ الْمَعْنَى كَمَا كَانَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ كَذَلِكَ الدَّالّ عَلَيْهِ قال { عيسى بن مَرْيَم لِلْحَوَارِيِّينَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إلَى اللَّه } أَيْ مَنْ الْأَنْصَار الَّذِينَ يَكُونُونَ مَعِي مُتَوَجِّهًا إلَى نُصْرَة اللَّه { قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه } وَالْحَوَارِيُّونَ أَصْفِيَاء عِيسَى وَهُمْ أَوَّل مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَكَانُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ الْحُور وَهُوَ الْبَيَاض الْخَالِص وَقِيلَ كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ يُحَوِّرُونَ الثِّيَاب أَيْ يُبَيِّضُونَهَا { فَآمَنَتْ طَائِفَة مِنْ بَنِي إسْرَائِيل } بِعِيسَى وَقَالُوا إنَّهُ عَبْد اللَّه رُفِعَ إلى السماء { وكفرت طائفة } لقولهم إنه بن اللَّه رَفَعَهُ إلَيْهِ فَاقْتَتَلَتْ الطَّائِفَتَانِ { فَأَيَّدْنَا } قَوَّيْنَا { الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا } مِنْ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ { عَلَى عَدُوّهُمْ } الطَّائِفَة الكافرة { فأصبحوا ظاهرين } غالبين
14. You who believe, be helpers of the Din of Allah (read as ansara’llahi and as ansaran lillahi) – as the Disciples were – as Isa son of Maryam said to the Disciples, ‘Who will be my helpers for Allah?’ “Who will be among the Helpers who will go with me to help Allah?” The Disciples said, ‘We will be the helpers of Allah.’ The Disciples were the sincere friends of Isa and they were the first to believe in him. They were twelve men. The word Hawari (disciple) comes from Hawar, which means pure white. It is said that they were fullers who dyed garments white. One faction of the tribe of Israel believed in Isa, and declared that he was the slave of Allah and had been taken up to heaven – and the other disbelieved by saying that he was the son of Allah, Who had raised him up. The two groups fought. So We supported those who believed against their enemy – the group who had disbelieved – and they became victorious.