سورة العلق
بِسمِ ٱلله الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيـمِ
ﻣﻜﻴﺔ وﺁﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮة
This sura is Makkan and has 19 ayats. The beginning of the sura up to “what he did not know” was the first passage of the Qur’an to be revealed. That happened in the Cave of Hira’. Al-Bukhari related it.
{ اِقْرَأْ } أَوْجِدْ الْقِرَاءَة مُبْتَدِئًا { بِاسْمِ رَبّك الَّذِي خلق } الخلائق
1. Recite: In the Name of your Lord who created all creatures:
{ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَان } الْجِنْس { مِنْ عَلَق } جَمْع عَلَقَة وَهِيَ الْقِطْعَة الْيَسِيرَة مِنْ الدَّم الْغَلِيظ
2. …created man – meant generically – from clots of blood.
{ اِقْرَأْ } تَأْكِيد لِلْأَوَّلِ { وَرَبّك الْأَكْرَم } الَّذِي لَا يُوَازِيه كَرِيم حَال مِنْ الضَّمِير فِي اِقْرَأْ
3. Recite: And your Lord is the Most Generous – the repetition of the word “recite” is for emphasis. No one is equal to Him in His generosity
{ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ } الْخَطّ { بِالْقَلَمِ } وَأَوَّل مَنْ خَطَّ بِهِ إِدْرِيس عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام
4. …He who taught writing by the pen – the first to write with it was Idris, peace be upon him,
{ عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَان } الْجِنْس { مَا لَمْ يَعْلَم } قَبْل تَعْلِيمه مِنْ الْهُدَى وَالْكِتَابَة وَالصِّنَاعَة وَغَيْرهَا
5. …taught man what he did not know. Allah taught him guidance, writing, crafts and other things.
{ كَلَّا } حَقًّا { إِنَّ الْإِنْسَان لَيَطْغَى }
6. No indeed! Truly man is unbridled,
{ أَنْ رَآهُ } أَيْ نَفْسه { اِسْتَغْنَى } بِالْمَالِ نَزَلَ في أبي جهل ورأى عملية وَاسْتَغْنَى مَفْعُول ثَانٍ وَأَنْ رَآهُ مَفْعُول لَهُ
7. …seeing himself as self-sufficient because of his wealth. This was revealed about Abü Jahl. “Seeing” means “knowing” rather than physically seeing.
{ إِنَّ إِلَى رَبّك } يَا إِنْسَان { الرُّجْعَى } أَيْ الرُّجُوع تَخْوِيف لَهُ فَيُجَازِي الطَّاغِي بِمَا يَسْتَحِقّهُ
8. Truly, human being, it is to your Lord that you shall return. The transgressor will be given the retribution he deserves.
{ أَرَأَيْت } فِي الثَّلَاثَة مَوَاضِع لِلتَّعَجُّبِ { الَّذِي يَنْهَى } هُوَ أَبُو جَهْل
9. Have you seen him who prevents – the person being described is Abu Jahl –
{ عَبْدًا } هُوَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ { إِذَا صَلَّى }
10. …a slave – meaning the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace – when he goes to pray?
{ أَرَأَيْت إِنْ كَانَ } الْمَنْهِيّ { عَلَى الْهُدَى }
11. Do you think he (the person who prevents someone from praying) is rightly guided…
{ أَوْ } لِلتَّقْسِيمِ { أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَى }
12. …or commands to be godfearing?
{ أَرَأَيْت إِنْ كَذَّبَ } أَيْ النَّاهِي النَّبِيّ { وَتَوَلَّى } عن الإيمان
13. Or do you see how he has denied and turned away?
{ أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّه يَرَى } مَا صَدَرَ مِنْهُ أَيْ يَعْلَمهُ فَيُجَازِيه عَلَيْهِ أَيْ اِعْجَبْ مِنْهُ يَا مُخَاطَب مِنْ حَيْثُ نَهْيه عَنْ الصَّلَاة وَمِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّ الْمَنْهِيّ عَلَى الْهُدَى آمِر بِالتَّقْوَى وَمِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّ النَّاهِي مُكَذِّب مُتَوَلٍّ عَنْ الْإِيمَان
14. Does he not know that Allah sees? It is a wonder that such a person forbids the prayer, when the one he forbids has guidance and commands to do what is right while the one who forbids denies and turns away from the truth.
{ كَلَّا } رَدْع لَهُ { لَئِنْ } لَام قَسَم { لَمْ يَنْتَهِ } عَمَّا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الْكُفْر { لَنَسْفَعًا بالناصية } لنجرن بِنَاصِيَتِهِ إِلَى النَّار
15. No indeed! If he does not desist from the unbelief he is involved in We will grab him by the forelock and drag him to the Fire –
{ نَاصِيَة } بَدَل نَكِرَة مِنْ مَعْرِفَة { كَاذِبَة خَاطِئَة } وَصَفَهَا بِذَلِكَ مَجَاز وَالْمُرَاد صَاحِبهَا
16. …a lying, sinful forelock! This is a metaphor that means the person himself.
{ فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيهِ } أَيْ أَهْل نَادِيهِ وَهُوَ الْمَجْلِس يُنْتَدَى يَتَحَدَّث فِيهِ الْقَوْم وَكَانَ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم لما انتهزه حَيْثُ نَهَاهُ عَنْ الصَّلَاة لَقَدْ عَلِمْت مَا بِهَا رَجُل أَكْثَر نَادِيًا مِنِّي لَأَمْلَأَنَّ عَلَيْك هَذَا الْوَادِي إِنْ شِئْت خَيْلًا جُرْدًا وَرِجَالًا مردا
17. Let him call his attendants – meaning the people of his circle who meet to consult him and talk together. When the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rebuked Abu Jahl for forbidding him to pray, he said, “You know that there is no man with a greater assembly than mine! I can fill this valley with them against you if I wish, with men on foot and mounted.”
{ سَنَدَعُ الزَّبَانِيَة } الْمَلَائِكَة الْغِلَاظ الشِّدَاد لِإِهْلَاكِهِ كَمَا فِي الْحَدِيث لَوْ دَعَا نَادِيهِ لَأَخَذَتْهُ الزَّبَانِيَة عيانا
18. We will call the Guards of Hell! The Zabniyya are the harsh, strong angels who will destroy him, as is found in the hadith: “If he calls on his assembly, the Zabaniyya will seize him before their eyes.”
{ كَلَّا } رَدْع لَهُ { لَا تُطِعْهُ } يَا مُحَمَّد فِي تَرْك الصَّلَاة { وَاسْجُدْ } صَلِّ لِلَّهِ { وَاقْتَرِبْ } منه بطاعته
19. No indeed! Do not obey him, Muhammad – by abandoning the prayer – but prostrate – and pray to Allah – and draw near to Him by acts of obedience.