1. By the charging horses panting hard – which attack in a raid, making a loud noise as they attack,

2. …striking sparks from their flashing hooves when their hooves strike the stones in the ground at night,

3. …raiding at full gallop in the early dawn – horsemen attacking the enemy at first light,

4. …leaving a trailing dust-cloud in their wake – raising dust because the speed of their movement,

5. …cleaving through the middle of the foe! – penetrating to the heart of the enemy settlement –

6. Truly unbelieving man is ungrateful to his Lord denying the blessings of Allah –

7. …and indeed he bears witness to that – to his ingratitude against himself by his actions.

8. Truly he is fierce in his love of wealth and is miserly with it.

9. Does he not know that when the graves are emptied out – and the dead emerge from them at the Resurrection –

10. …and the heart’s contents – whether unbelief and faith – are brought into the open and made clear and public,

11. …on that Day their Lord will certainly be aware of them. He has knowledge and He will repay them for their unbelief. The pronoun here moves to the plural, indicating that “man” is generic and includes all human beings. Here the statement is particular to this moment, which is the Day of Repayment, although of course Allah is always aware of them.