سورة قريش
بِسمِ ٱلله الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيـمِ
ﻣﻜﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ وﺁﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ أرﺑﻊ
This sura is either Makkan or Medinan and has 4 ayats.
{ لإيلاف قريش }
1. In acknowledgment of the established tradition of Quraysh,
{ إِيلَافهمْ } تَأْكِيد وَهُوَ مَصْدَر آلَف بِالْمَدِّ { رِحْلَة الشِّتَاء } إِلَى الْيَمَن { و } رِحْلَة { الصَّيْف } إِلَى الشَّام فِي كُلّ عَام يَسْتَعِينُونَ بِالرِّحْلَتَيْنِ لِلتِّجَارَةِ عَلَى الْمُقَام بِمَكَّة لِخِدْمَةِ الْبَيْت الَّذِي هُوَ فَخْرهمْ وَهُمْ وَلَد النَّضْر بْن كِنَانَة
2. …their tradition of the winter and summer caravans – the repetition is for emphasis. The winter caravan went to Yemen and the summer caravan to Syria. This happened every year. They used the proceeds of the trade of the two caravans to serve the House which was their pride. They were the descendants of an-Nadr ibn Kinana,
{ فَلْيَعْبُدُوا } تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ لِإِيلَافِ وَالْفَاء زَائِدَة { رَبّ هذا البيت }
3. …so let them worship the Lord of this House,
{ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوع } أَيْ مِنْ أَجْله { وَآمَنَهُمْ مِنْ خَوْف } أَيْ مِنْ أَجْله وَكَانَ يُصِيبهُمْ الْجُوع لِعَدَمِ الزَّرْع بِمَكَّة وَخَافُوا جَيْش الفيل
4. …who has preserved them from hunger and secured them from fear. “He has fed them and given them security.” They experienced hunger because of the lack of crops in Makka and they feared the Army of the Elephant.